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Economics Rising Rates Fixed Income Blog

What Will Stop the Sell-off? Putting the Brakes on Treasury Yields

06 October 2023
5 min read
AJ Rivers, CFA, FRM, CAIA| Head—US Retail Fixed Income Business Development
Matthew Scott| Head—Core Fixed Income and Multi-Asset Trading

The 10-year US Treasury yield has climbed ever higher in recent weeks. Technical conditions are in the driver’s seat for now, but fundamentals should prevail over time.

US Treasury yields have surged, with the 10-year yield briefly topping 4.8% and the 30-year yield breaching 5% (Display). Bond prices are now at 17-year lows, and investors are worried they could fall further. The latest catalysts? The ballooning budget deficit and an unexpectedly strong jobs report. Volatility may persist and yields may continue to climb over the near term, but we think slower economic conditions will eventually put the brakes on the rate climb. Here’s why.

Treasury Yields Have Surged in Recent Months
10-Year US Treasury Yield (Percent)
10-year Treasury yields have risen from under 1% to nearly 5% since 2020. Recently, yields surged to historic highs.

Historical analysis does not guarantee future results.
Through October 5, 2023
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Technical Conditions Are in the Driver’s Seat—for Now

Technical conditions—the dynamics of supply and demand—are out of balance in today’s bond market. That is, bond prices have succumbed to selling pressures because marginal buyers have so far failed to materialize. We see a number of contributing factors.

First, the sell-off has developed momentum thanks to a series of triggering events since early this year. In April, it was the resolution of the banking crisis. In May, the debt ceiling debate. June saw better-than-expected growth, and July concerns around Treasury supply. August saw reduced liquidity, as is typical of late summer. September brought breaches of technical support, with prices reaching new lows when quantitative strategies and momentum followers that trade based on technicals shorted the market. A dearth of counterparties exaggerated the effect on valuations.

Second, foreign buyers have been selling US debt in the continuation of a longer-term trend. China’s holdings of US Treasuries, for example, are down about $175 billion since last year. Japan, the largest non-US holder of Treasuries, has also been trimming its position.

Third, in the last couple of weeks, fund flows have begun to slow, following strong flows of more than US$200 billion into core and government bond funds year to date. This has put a crimp into marginal buying, since asset managers in aggregate are already long duration and have little dry powder left. Dealers have been slow to provide a backstop. And banks are reluctant to extend duration, with the regional banking crisis still in the rearview mirror.

Fundamentals Point to a “Braking” Point

To our mind, today’s macro picture doesn’t support an extended sell-off, which historically has accompanied a very different set of economic conditions. For example, fundamentals look quite different today than in October 2022, when yields reached prior peaks.

Then, the fed funds rate was at 2.5%. Today it’s at 5.5%. Then, the Federal Reserve had just begun its aggressive hiking cycle. Today, the Fed is likely finished raising rates—or close to it. Then, consumer price inflation (CPI) was at 8.2%. Today, it’s at 3.7%—with core CPI running 2.5% and approaching the Fed’s target. The consumer is softening, too.

The outlier among economic conditions is the labor market. September’s addition of 336,000 workers is the strongest since January. Clearly, the jobs market is still strengthening, albeit at a slower rate than in 2022. This means the Fed will need to see tangible evidence of slower growth to have confidence in the inflation outlook.

We don’t think we’ll have to wait forever. Higher yields mean tighter financial conditions, which in turn weigh on growth. We expect yields to trend lower as data weakens in the coming months.

Once the tide begins to turn, sidelined cash should flood back into the market, rapidly driving yields down and prices up. In the meantime, elevated yields are good for bond investors, since over time most of a bond’s return comes from its yield.

That’s why, with yields at once-in-a-generation highs, we believe the current bond rout is creating exceptional opportunity for tomorrow. 

The views expressed herein do not constitute research, investment advice or trade recommendations and do not necessarily represent the views of all AB portfolio-management teams. Views are subject to revision over time.

About the Authors

AJ Rivers is a Senior Vice President and Head of US Retail Fixed Income Business Development. Prior to joining AB in 2022, he was the director of Product Strategy at Lord Abbett. Throughout his career, Rivers has been directly involved in the rates and credit markets, and has directed the product development and competitive positioning of investment strategies in traditional and alternative assets. He has held roles in trading, risk management, portfolio analytics and product strategy. Rivers attended the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University and graduated from the University at Buffalo for undergrad. He is a CFA charterholder, a Financial Risk Manager (FRM) and a Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA). Location: Nashville

Matthew Scott is a Senior Vice President and Head of Core Fixed Income and Multi-Asset Trading. In addition to managing these teams, he has been a trader since 2007 and currently focuses on trading interest-rate and inflation derivatives, government bonds (including US Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities) and securitizations. Scott previously worked as a portfolio assistant for high-grade bond portfolios and held numerous roles in derivative investment shared services. He holds a BS in finance and an MBA in finance, both from Seton Hall University. Location: New York

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