Value Stocks: Inflation Wave Adds Fuel to Recovery

18 February 2022

4 min read

Value stocks outperformed through mid-February as investors repriced expensive growth stocks. Now, mounting inflation and rising interest rates are creating conditions for a broader value recovery, particularly for companies that have solid business fundamentals.

Style return patterns have been erratic over the last year. During 2021, returns of global value and growth stocks flip-flopped, and both cohorts ended the year with similar gains. Then, in the January 2022 sell-off, value stocks outperformed by a wide margin. The MSCI World Value Index fell by 0.6% this year through February 15, in US-dollar terms, while the MSCI World Growth Index dropped by 10.1%.

Inflation is the game changer. With investors and central banks now acknowledging that inflation will stay higher for longer than initially expected, interest rates are poised to continue rising. This should be beneficial for value stocks, even as it raises challenges for equity investors. Rising rates tend to compress valuation multiples of all stocks, but growth stocks are particularly vulnerable, while value stocks are generally more resilient.

Big Value Discount Persists

Despite the recent outperformance, value stocks still trade at a near record discount to growth peers. By the end of January, the MSCI World Value’s price-to-forward-earnings ratio was 50% lower than that of the MSCI World Growth. Investors might think this discount implies that value stocks are impaired. In fact, three important indicators—profitability, earnings expectations and balance sheet strength—show that value stock fundamentals rank near historic highs relative to growth stocks (Display).

Value Stocks Offer Historic Valuation Discount Despite Healthy and Improving Fundamentals

Current Value vs. Growth Spread Percentiles*

Bar chart shows value stock fundamentals at near record levels versus growth stocks on profitability, earnings revisions and balance sheet strength.

"Analysis provided for illustrative purposes only and is subject to revision.

*Discount percentile based on the price-to-forward earnings ratio, return on equity, earnings revisions and net debt to equity of the MSCI World Value Index relative to the MSCI World Growth Index from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2021.

†Return on equity based on forecast earnings

As of December 31, 2021. Source: MSCI, S&P Compustat, Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S, Worldscope and AllianceBernstein (AB)"

In recent years, multiples of growth stocks have benefited from the falling rate environment as well as investor demand for high-flying growth companies. Many of these companies have long-term potential but little in the way of current cash flows. This, together with fears of a prolonged economic slump, fueled a massive valuation gap between growth and value stocks.

Rising Rates Should Turn the Tide

These trends are ripe for reversal. Since 2019, valuations of growth equities have been tightly linked to the real yield of the 10-Year US Treasury. As real yields fell—and even turned negative during the pandemic—growth stock valuations rose in near lockstep, shown in this display as a declining yellow line against an inverted price-to-forward-earnings (P/E) axis. Over the same period, valuations of global value stocks were relatively stable (Display).

Growth P/E Has Been Tightly Linked to US 10-Year Real Yield in Recent Years

"Analysis provided for illustrative purposes only and is subject to revision.

*Price-to-forward earnings (next 12 months) since January 2003

As of December 31, 2021

Source: FactSet, MSCI, Thomson Reuters Datastream and AllianceBernstein (AB)"

As a result, we expect rising rates to have a disproportionately large impact on valuations of expensive growth stocks. This reversal is already underway in early 2022. In contrast, our research suggests that value P/Es ratios would compress more modestly. For example, if real yields reach 0.5% (from –1.0% at the end of 2021), growth P/Es would fall by 34%, while value multiples would compress by 10% (Display).

Value Stock P/E Multiples Should Be More Stable if Real Yields Rise

"Past performance and current analysis do not guarantee future results.

As of December 31, 2021

Source: FactSet, MSCI, Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S and AllianceBernstein (AB)"

Of course, some growth stocks will generate earnings growth of at least 30% to compensate or offset for a multiple decline of 30%, but most will not. But for value stocks, this hurdle is much lower. We expect many value companies will generate earnings growth to overcome a 10% multiple compression and outperform.

Be Selective and Diversify

Investors must be selective. If value stocks stage a big recovery, it won’t be enough to simply pile into sectors such as financials and energy that are large components of the value universe. Concentrating into just a few high-octane value sectors is an unnecessarily risky strategy, in our view. Value opportunities can be found today across a wide range of industries. In an environment of macroeconomic uncertainty and market volatility, diversifying exposure makes sense.

In any sector, investors should look for value stocks with solid and sustainable cash flows. Attractively valued candidates with robust-but-misunderstood businesses and sturdy balance sheets will be best placed to deliver strong performance as the inflation wave buoys stocks that have long been out of favor. For investors concerned about higher inflation and interest rates, initiating or increasing exposure to value equities can provide access to stocks that should benefit in this environment. And since value stocks are still very cheap by historical standards, it’s not too late to capture the recovery potential and add an important element of diversification to your allocation.

The views expressed herein do not constitute research, investment advice or trade recommendations and do not necessarily represent the views of all AB portfolio-management teams. Views are subject to revision over time.

About the Authors

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